Bird of paradise is a dramatic, subtropical plant native to South Africa. Slow growing and thus blooming, this beauty is nonetheless well worth the wait. If you’ve managed to get it to bloom you’ve been successful with its care, but what about transplanting bird of paradise? Does a bird of paradise like to be root bound? Keep reading to learn when (or if) to repot bird of paradise.

About Bird of Paradise

There are five species of bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae), named for Queen Charlotte, George III’s wife. It grows wild in the Eastern Cape along riverbeds and coastal bush, an area of mild temperatures and frequent rains.

Often used as a cut flower in the floral trade, bird of paradise is a common ornamental in Southern California and Florida which can be grown in USDA zones 10-12 and with adequate protection in zone 9.

The common bird of paradise can attain heights of up to 30 feet (9 m.) with huge 18-24 inch (46-61 cm.) by 3-4 foot (around 1 meter) long leaves looking much like those of the banana tree. New plants take 4-6 years to bloom.

Bird of Paradise Care

Bird of paradise requires bright light, direct morning or winter sun and southern or eastern exposure with rich, well-draining soil. Birds of paradise need as much sun as possible to bloom and humidity at 30-35%.

Plants should be kept at 55-60 F. (13-16 C.) during the winter months and watered sparingly, only when dry. The rest of the year, allow the soil to dry between watering. If it is outside the plant should be brought in before the first frost, although it can handle a limited time below freezing.

Birds of paradise are heavy feeders and should be fed every 2 weeks with a water-soluble fertilizer.

Should I Repot my Bird of Paradise?

Birds of paradise tend to bloom better and more profusely when the plant is pot bound. If you do repot your plant, it may not flower for a year or two after.

Instead of repotting, top-dress with fresh potting soil each year. Also do not plant bird of paradise too deeply. Leaving the tops of the roots exposed actually promotes blooming.

You can repot your bird of paradise every 2-3 years in the spring if necessary. Transplant bird of paradise into a large pot or tub using either a well-draining medium or soilless potting mix.

Bird of Paradise is an unmistakable plant. While most have the crane-like blooms in hues of orange and blue, Mandela's gold flower is brilliantly yellow. Native to South Africa around the Cape region, it requires warm temperatures and high humidity. If you are considering growing Mandela's gold, it has a wide range of hardiness from USDA zones 9-11. 

Most gardeners can enjoy a hardy bird of paradise plant either indoors or out. It is a striking bush with characteristic flowers. Mandela's gold bird of paradise has the added appeal of lemon yellow sepals flanked by bright blue petals, with the classic beak-like sheath. The Mandela's gold plant adds vertical interest with its large banana-like leaves. 

About Mandela's Gold Bird of Paradise

Mandela's gold plant can reach heights of up to 5 feet ( 1.5 m) and similarly wide. The bluish green leaves grow up to 2 feet ( 0.6 m) in length with a prominent pale midrib. Mandela's gold flower springs from a grayish spathe, unfurling its 3 golden sepals and the classic 3 blue petals. Each spathe contains 4-6 flowers with each emerging separately. The genus, Strelitzia, was named for Queen Charlotte who was also Duchess of Mecklenberg-Strelitz. Mandela's was bred in Kirstenboch. This new cultivar is rare in its flower color and hardiness and was released under its name in 1996 to honor Nelson Mandela.

Growing Mandela's Gold Bird of Paradise

Bird of paradise can be grown as a houseplant but does require very bright light to bloom. In the garden, choose a sunny location with protection from the wind, which tends to tatter the leaves. In cooler regions, plant near a north or west wall to protect against frost. Strelitzia need rich soil with plenty of humic matter and a pH of 7.5. Mix bonemeal into the soil at planting and water in well. Top dress with well-rotted manure or compost. Once established, Mandela's does fine with very little water. This is a slow growing plant and will take several years to bloom. Propagation is through division. 

Caring for Mandela's Gold

Fertilize Mandela’s gold plant in spring with a 3:1:5 formula. Potted plants need to be fed a dilution of fertilizer every 2 weeks. Reduce watering in winter and suspend feeding. 

This plant has few pest or disease problems. Mealybugs, scale and spider mites might take up residence. If they do, wipe the leaves off or use a horticultural oil. Move potted plants indoors for the winter in cold climates, and water rarely. 

Bird of paradise likes to be crowded but when it is time to repot, do so in spring. You can choose to remove spent flowers or just let them wither off the plant. Remove dead leaves as they occur. Mandela's gold needs very little maintenance and will live for years, often outlasting its owner.

Mexican bird of paradise (Caesalpinia mexicana) is a spectacular plant that produces clusters of crinkly, bowl-shaped flowers of vibrant red, yellow, and orange. The fading blooms are replaced by bean-shaped green pods that turn red and eventually a shiny brown.

Growing Mexican bird of paradise in a pot is relatively simple, as long as you can provide plenty of warmth and sunlight. Read on for information on growing potted Mexican bird of paradise.

Growing Mexican Bird of Paradise in Containers

The flower is suitable for growing in zones 8 and above; however, the plant will die down during the winter in zones 8 and 9. If you live in a northern climate, your best bet is to grow Mexican bird of paradise in planters and bring the plant indoors when temperatures drop in fall.

Well-drained soil is critical for growing this plant in a container. Although the plant is disease-resistant, it is prone to rot in soggy conditions. Fill a container with a mixture such as regular potting mix combined with sand or perlite. Be sure the container has a drainage hole in the bottom.

Use a sturdy pot such as terra cotta. Mexican bird of paradise grows relatively quickly and can tip or blow over in a lightweight container. If the container is large, you may want to put it on a rolling platform.

Place the plant outdoors in a warm, sunny spot during the warm weather months. Bring the plant indoors well before the first frost in fall and put it near your sunniest window. Mexican bird of paradise in containers prefers nighttime temps at least 50 F. (10 C.) and 70 F. (21 C.) or higher during the day.

Keep in mind that the plant may drop many of its leaves during the winter, especially without bright sunlight. This is normal when low light triggers a period of semi-dormancy. Water moderately during the growing season. Never allow the soil to remain soggy and never let the container stand in water. Water sparingly during the winter months.

Mexican bird of paradise needs regular fertilization to support heavy blooming. Feed the plant every few months, using a time-released fertilizer, then supplement with a weak solution of water-soluble fertilizer every other week. Fertilize very lightly during the winter, or not at all.

The plant develops from rhizomes that multiply from year to year and blooms best when it’s slightly crowded. Repot to a slightly larger pot only when absolutely necessary.

Bird of paradise (Strelitzia) is a dramatic indoor houseplant with striking flowers and is generally easy to care for given the right conditions. Occasionally, though, if the conditions aren’t quite right, fungal bird of paradise leaf spot can occur. Let’s take a look at what causes it and what you can do for leaf spot on indoor bird of paradise plants. 

About Strelitzia Fungal Leaf Spot

This bird of paradise fungal disease tends to occur when there is too much moisture present. The good news is that it typically does not cause any long-term damage to the plant. Proper cultural conditions and sanitization practices will help prevent this bird of paradise houseplant fungus.

The spots on the leaves will be 0.1 to 2 centimeters big. Sometimes the spots are regularly shaped like a circle, and other times the spots have a more irregular shape. Typically, the fungal spots are a lighter gray on the inside, while the outside of the spots are much darker or even black in color. The spots can also be brown or yellowish in color. 

Controlling Bird of Paradise Fungus

For plants that are badly infected, the leaves may start to wither and even fall off. The key to any disease treatment for plants is to catch it in the early stages. 

If you have Strelitzia fungal leaf spot, be sure to remove any infected leaves. You’ll also want to remove any leaves that have fallen to the soil. Avoid getting the infected leaves wet, as this will spread the disease. 

If you have fungal leaf spot, you can treat with a fungicide. Neem oil is a natural option, or you can use another fungicidal spread to treat your plant. When you treat your plant, you may want to spray a small portion of the plant first to make sure it won’t ruin the leaves. Assuming everything looks okay, go ahead and spray the entire plant. 

Some good cultural practices to prevent fungal leaf spot and other diseases is to make sure that you have good cultural conditions. Clean up any dead leaves, whether they are on the plant or on the soil. Good air circulation is very important, as is avoiding overhead watering and keeping the leaves wet for too long. 

Can you move a bird of paradise plant? Yes, is the short answer, but you need to take care in doing so. Transplanting a bird of paradise plant is something you may want to do to give your beloved plant better conditions, or because it has grown too big for its current location. Whatever the reason, be prepared for a big job. Set aside a good chunk of time and follow each of these important steps to ensure your bird of paradise will survive the move and thrive in its new home.

Bird of Paradise Relocation Tips

The bird of paradise is a beautiful, showy plant that can grow very large. Avoid transplanting enormous specimens, if possible. They can be difficult to dig up and very heavy to move. Before you start digging, be sure you have a good spot for it. Bird of paradise likes to be warm and thrives in sun and in soil that is fertile and well-drained. Find your perfect spot and dig a nice large hole before you take the next step.

How to Transplant a Bird of Paradise

Transplanting birds of paradise should be done carefully so as not to damage the plant and to ensure it will recover and thrive in a new location. Start by first preparing the plant, then digging it out and moving it:

• Water the roots well to help them cope with the shock of being moved.
• Dig around the plant, going out about 12 inches (31 cm.) for every inch (2.5 cm.) diameter of the main trunk of the plant.
• Dig deeply to avoid cutting through roots. You can cut through minor, lateral roots to get it out.
• Place a tarp near the bird of paradise and when you are able to remove it from the ground, place the entire root ball on the tarp.
• If the plant is too heavy to lift easily, slide the tarp underneath the roots on one side and carefully tip it over onto the tarp. You can either drag the plant to its new location or use a wheelbarrow.
• Place the plant in its new hole, which should be no deeper than the root system was in the original location, and water well.

Bird of Paradise Relocation – After Care

Once you have replanted your bird of paradise, you need to take good care of it and keep an eye on the plant for a few months as it recovers. Water regularly for several months and consider fertilizing it as well to encourage growth and blooms. In about three months, with the right care, you should have a happy and thriving bird of paradise in its new location.

Bird of paradise is a spectacular plant that’s closely related to the banana. It gets its name from its brightly colored, spiky flowers that look like a tropical bird in flight. It’s a showy plant, which makes it all the more devastating when it runs into trouble. Keep reading to learn more about bugs that attack bird of paradise plants.

Insect Pests on Bird of Paradise Plants

On the whole, bird of paradise plants are relatively pest free. That doesn’t mean bird of paradise bugs are unheard of, though. Maybe the most common problem pests with bird of paradise plants are mealybugs and scale. Scale appears as hard little brown spots on the stems and undersides of the leaves. Mealybugs appear as white patches of fuzz on the leaves. Some other bugs that attack bird of paradise plants include caterpillars, snails, and grasshoppers, which all make their presence known with bite marks on the leaves. Leaf borers may be seen attacking flower bracts in late summer. Aphids are sometimes a problem and can be seen with the naked eye. In fact, a surefire sign of aphids, other than physically seeing them, are ants covering the plants as they farm the sweet honeydew these pests leave behind.

Controlling Bird of Paradise Pests

Any large bird of paradise pests like caterpillars and snails can be picked off by hand. Aphids can be knocked off the plant with a steady spray of water. Scale and mealybugs can be removed with rubbing alcohol. All of these pests can also be treated with an insecticide or with a horticultural oil. Systemic insecticides, or insecticides that are taken up through the roots to circulate through the whole plant, are especially effective.

Bird of paradise, also known as Strelitzia, is a beautiful and truly unique looking plant. A close relative of the banana, the bird of paradise gets its name from its splayed, brightly colored, pointed flowers that look a lot like a bird in flight. It’s a striking plant, so it can be a real blow when it falls victim to a disease and stops looking its best. Keep reading to learn more about common diseases on bird of paradise plants and methods of bird of paradise disease treatment.

Common Strelitzia Diseases

As a rule, bird of paradise diseases are few and far between. That doesn’t mean the plant is disease free, of course. The most common disease is root rot. This tends to crop up when the roots of the plant are allowed to sit in water or soggy soil for too long, and it can usually be avoided by letting the soil dry out between waterings. Really, though, root rot is a fungus that is carried on seeds. If you’re starting a bird of paradise from seed, the Cooperative Extension Service at the University of Hawaii at Manoa recommends soaking the seeds for one day in room temperature water, then for half an hour in 135 degrees F. (57 C.) water. This process should kill the fungus. Since most gardeners aren’t starting from seed, however, simply keeping water in check is a more practical bird of paradise disease treatment method. Other bird of paradise plant diseases include leaf blight. In fact, it’s another common cause behind ailing bird of paradise plants. It manifests itself as white spots on the leaves surrounded by a ring in a shade of green different from that of the plant. Leaf blight can usually be treated by an application of fungicide to the soil. Bacterial wilt causes the leaves to turn light green or yellow, wilt, and fall off. It can usually be prevented by keeping the soil well drained and can be treated with an application of fungicide as well.

Let's talk about how to fertilize bird of paradise plants. The good news is that they don't require anything fancy or exotic. In nature, bird of paradise fertilizer comes from decaying leaves and other decomposing forest litter. Rainwater slowly distributes the nutrients down into the roots. You can provide that natural fertilizer in your garden with a layer of mulch and regular feedings.

What to Feed Bird of Paradise Plants

Any bird of paradise plant, when planted in your garden, will benefit from a 2 to 3 inch deep (5 to 8 cm.) layer of mulch. Use organic materials such as wood chips, bark, leaves, and pine needles. Just make sure to keep a mulch-free zone of around 2 to 3 inches (5 to 8 cm.) from your plants. Adding a bit of sand or gravel to the mulch will also help with drainage. 

Birds of paradise plants tend to be heavy feeders. They prefer a balanced fertilizer that has equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (1:1:1). Steer manure offers a natural option that provides this balance and makes a great bird of paradise fertilizer.

Feeding Bird of Paradise Plants

How and when you fertilize a bird of paradise plant can differ depending on the type you are growing. Below are tips on feeding the three most common bird of paradise varieties.

Strelitzia Reginae

Strelitzia reginae is the plant with the familiar orange and blue flowers. It is the most cold tolerant and resilient. Top dressings of manure or blood meal are always welcomed by these plants. When grown outdoors, this bird of paradise responds well to granular landscape fertilizers. Apply fertilizer every three months during the growing season as directed by the manufacturer. 

Water plants before and after applying granular fertilizer. Do not leave any fertilizer on the leaves or other parts of the plant. Bird of paradise plants grown indoors need a slightly different feeding schedule. You should be fertilizing bird of paradise plants every two weeks during the growing season and once a month in the winter. Use a water-soluble fertilizer.

Mandela's Gold

Mandela's Gold is a hybrid with yellow flowers. It is more sensitive to cold weather and often grown in pots. You should be feeding bird of paradise plants of this variety every two weeks during the growing season. Top dress Mandela's Gold plants with a layer of manure or compost. 

Don't forget to keep the top dressing 2 to 3 inches (5-8 cm.) away from the plant stalk. Use watered in fertilizer once a month during the summer months. To encourage flowering, you can switch to a 3:1:5 formulation slow-release fertilizer every other month.

Strelitzia Nicolai

Strelitzia Nicolai, the tree-size variety of bird of paradise, will also enjoy a top dressing of manure. These white-flowering "big birds" can grow quickly when fertilized. Feeding young bird of paradise plants of this species should be done once a month during the growing season. However, unless you want a truly giant bird of paradise, fertilizer is not required for mature Strelitzia Nicolai plants.

Eye-catching and distinctive, the bird of paradise is a fairly easy tropical plant to grow indoors or out. Bird of paradise is one of the most unique plants American growers can get their hands on these days. Although a few lucky gardeners can place a bird of paradise out in the garden, by and large, most growers keep them as indoor or patio plants. Sometimes, despite your best efforts, they may develop yellow leaves due to problems with lighting, watering, or pests. Read on to find out if your yellowing plant can be saved.

What Causes Yellowing Leaves on a Bird of Paradise Plant?

There are few bird of paradise plant problems that initiates should be aware of, but yellowing leaves on a bird of paradise plant is among the most common. This condition is typically caused by improper growing conditions, so let’s explore exactly what it takes to keep your plant green and happy.

Lighting

When growing outside, bird of paradise plants prefer full sun to light shade. This can make it difficult to provide adequate light when the plant is moved indoors, resulting in a bird of paradise with yellow leaves. If your plant is indoors and is yellowing for no apparent reason, try increasing its light by adding a full-spectrum fluorescent bulb directly over the plant or moving it to a brighter room. Watch placing any plant too close to a window that receives a lot of direct light though, as the amplified ultraviolet rays can burn delicate leaf tissues.

Watering

Bird of paradise leaves turning yellow is also commonly caused by improper watering. Unlike most plants where you can err on the side of dry, bird of paradise plants are very intolerant of being either too dry or too wet. During the first six months after planting or repotting, the plant may be extra sensitive to fluctuations in available moisture, but by applying a 2- to 3-inch (5-7.5 cm.) deep layer of mulch around the plant, you can help slow drying and even out moisture retention. Be careful that the mulch does not touch the plant’s stem to help prevent stem rot.

Pests

Major pests on indoor bird of paradise plants are uncommon but can occur from time to time. Plants will be especially susceptible if they spend the summer outdoors. A few of these pests cause yellowing to some degree, including:

• Aphids – Hallmark signs are leaves yellowing in whole or in spots and a sticky residue. Aphids may also attract ants. Spray the undersides of your plant with water from a garden sprayer to dislodge aphids and drown them. Continue spraying daily for two weeks, repeating as often as necessary.
• Scale – Like aphids, scale bugs can cause yellowing in a variety of patterns and exude sticky residue. Unlike aphids, you’re unlikely to recognize the scale as an insect, since they hide under thick protective shells. Generally, they look more like small cankers or other unusual growths on the plant. They’re most effectively treated with neem oil or imidacloprid but be careful when using neonicotinoids to only apply in the evening and in doses as directed.
• Whiteflies – Another sap-feeding insect like aphids and scale, whiteflies are the most obvious of this bunch. If there are many small, white, moth-like insects collecting under your plant’s yellowing leaves, there’s no doubt of their identity. Spray these offenders with water every few days, as they’re very susceptible to drowning.
• Opogona crown borer – If you notice small holes in the base of your bird of paradise’s leaves or in the crown, you’ve got a crown borer. Once the plant has begun to yellow, there’s little you can do but remove the damaged tissues, provide excellent care, and destroy any plants that are goners.

Some say the blossoms of the bird of paradise plant resemble the heads of tropical birds, but others say they look like brightly colored birds in full flight. Regardless, ideal bird of paradise growing conditions both indoors and out remain the same: bright light, well-drained soil, and adequate water through the growing season. Read on to learn how to take care of birds of paradise in the garden.

How to Take Care of Birds of Paradise Outside

Bird of paradise is a clump-forming, evergreen plant. A mature clump can be 5 feet (1.5 m.) tall and wide. The waxy, gray-green leaves get some 18 inches (45.5 cm.) long and resemble banana leaves. 

Gardeners are particularly interested in the brilliantly hued flowers, each with three bright orange bracts and three indigo petals. It is these blossoms that give the plant its common name. If you are looking for numerous flowers and shorter stems on your bird of paradise plants, try growing bird of paradise outside in full sun. 

Those grown in shade have bigger blossoms but taller stalks. The plant produces flowers all year long in tropical climates. Most flowers grow on outer sections of the clumps. Organize your planting to allow sufficient flowering room by spacing your outdoor bird of paradise plants about 6 feet (2 m.) apart. 

The best bird of paradise growing conditions include fertile soil rich in organic content that drains well. Outdoor bird of paradise plants need sufficient water to keep their soil moist all summer long, but less in the winter months.

Bird of Paradise Growing Zone

Growing bird of paradise outside is only possible if you live in USDA zones 9 through 12. The plant makes an attractive addition to the backyard garden in these zones and can be used as the focal point in a floral planting. In colder zones, the plant may survive but developing flower buds may be damaged. 

In these growing zones, you can propagate outdoor bird of paradise plants by division. When the clump has five or more stalks, dig it up in the spring and separate the root into one-stalk sections. Each should be replanted at the same depth as the original clump.

The majestic fan-like foliage and crane headed blooms make bird of paradise a stand out plant. Is bird of paradise cold hardy? Most varieties are suitable for USDA zones 10 to 12 and sometimes zone 9 with protection. It is important to situate the plant in a suitable local at planting for best bird of paradise winter care. Bird of paradise freeze damage can be as mild as winter burnt leaves to stem and trunk freezes, which are more serious. A few tips will help you protect bird of paradise from freezing and can help you learn how to heal bird of paradise plant freeze damage. Read on to learn more.

Is Bird of Paradise Cold Hardy?

Bird of paradise is hardy to 24 degrees Fahrenheit (-4 C). As a native of South Africa and closely related to bananas, this tropical wonder is prone to freeze damage even in the warm zones where it is routinely planted. These tropical plants can withstand some cold, but freezes can damage the thin broad leaves. The root zone can also be hurt by deep cold temperatures. A thick 2- to 3-inch (5 to 7.5 cm.) bed of organic mulch around the root zone can help protect bird of paradise from freezing at the root zone. Leave a couple of inches around the trunk free of mulch to prevent rotting. At planting, dig in plenty of organic matter or a rich compost at least 6 inches (15 cm.) deep to help juice up the soil and regulate heat. It also has the added benefit of increasing soil porosity for superior drainage.

Bird of Paradise Plant Freeze Damage

The first symptoms will be seen in the leaves. The ends become tattered and brownish yellow. Eventually, these will die back and can be removed from the plant. Very serious signs of bird of paradise freeze damage will show brown to black stems, overall limpness in the stems and leaves, and soft spots in the trunk. This is a symptom of nearly fatal injury. The only thing to do for such compromised plants is to give them good care and wait to see if they recover. Lightly damaged plants should be pruned to where the stem comes out of the main trunk. Take care not to cut into the trunk when removing damaged leaves. In a few seasons, with good maintenance, the plant should begin to unfurl new leaves and be on the road to recovery.

How to Protect Bird of Paradise from Freezing

The best way to enjoy these plants is to think before you plant. Things to consider are soil texture, exposure, and your growing season and freeze points. Bird of paradise plant freeze injury can be prevented in many cases by choosing a site that is not exposed and has an element of protection. This means planting on an exposed hillside or in a micro-climate on your property that has no shelter that will open the plant to damage if freezing occurs. Mulching is an important part of bird of paradise winter care, but so is the location in which it is planted. Choose a sunny, but sheltered, location where other plants form a protective barrier or near enough to a structure that residual heat and the walls create a brace against incoming cold. This will help prevent winter problems in all but the coldest deepest freeze.

Few plants evince the exotic tropics like the bird of paradise. The unique flower has vivid colors and a statuesque profile that is unmistakable. That being said, the bird of paradise plant can refer to two completely different plants. Read on to learn more about them.

Strelitzia and Caesalpinia Bird of Paradise Plants

Strelitzia is the common form of the plant in Hawaii, California, and Florida, and the classic birds of paradise recognizable from glossy, tropical pictures and exotic, floral displays. The genus that grows in the southwestern regions of the U.S., however, is called Caesalpinia. Cultivars of the Strelitzia genus of bird of paradise abound, but the Caesalpinia genus is nothing like the BOP with which most gardeners are familiar. Within both genera, there are numerous types of bird of paradise plants suitable for warm regions in which they're hardy.

Strelitzia Bird of Paradise Varieties

Strelitzia are widespread in Florida, southern California, and other tropical to semi-tropical realms. The plant is native to South Africa and also known by the name crane flower in reference to the bird-like blooms. These flowers are much larger than the Caesalpinia varieties and possess a characteristic “tongue,” usually of blue with a boat-shaped base and crown of fanned petals that mimic the crane's plumage. There are only six recognized species of Strelitzia. Strelitzia nicolai and S. reginea are the most common in warm-season landscapes. Strelitzia nicolai is the giant bird of paradise, whereas the reginea species is the standard-sized plant with sword-like leaves and smaller flowers. The plants are most closely related to banana plants and bear similar tall, wide paddle-shaped foliage. The tallest variety grows up to 30 feet (9 m.) tall and all varieties establish easily in USDA plant hardiness zones 9 and above. They have very little cold tolerance but can be useful as houseplants in cooler regions.

Caesalpinia Bird of Paradise Plant Types

The large bird-headed flowers of Strelitzia are classic and easy to recognize. Caesalpinia is also called a bird of paradise but it has a much smaller head on an airy-leaved bush. The plant is a legume and there are over 70 species of the plant. It produces a pea-like green fruit and showy flowers with large, brightly colored stamens frilled with spectacular smaller petals. The most popular species of bird of paradise in this genus are C. pulcherrima, C. gilliesii and C. mexicana, but there are many more available for the home gardener. Most species only get 12 to 15 feet (3.5-4.5 m.) tall but, in rare instances, Mexican bird of paradise (C. mexicana) can reach 30 feet (9 m.) in height.

Growing and Establishing Bird of Paradise Plant Types

If you are lucky enough to live in one of the higher USDA plant zones, decorating your garden with either of these genera is a cinch. Strelitzia grows in moist soil and requires supplemental moisture in the dry season. It forms a taller plant with larger flowers in partial sun but also performs well in full sun. These bird of paradise plant types do well in warm, humid regions. Caesalpinia, on the other hand, does not thrive in humidity and requires arid, dry and hot locations. Caesalpinia pulcherrima is probably the most tolerant of humidity, as it is native to Hawaii. Once established in the proper soil and lighting situation, both types of bird of paradise plants will flower and grow with little intervention for decades.

Bird of paradise is one of those other-worldly plants that combine fantasy with spectacle. The brilliant tones of the inflorescence, uncanny resemblance to its namesake, and towering huge leaves make this plant a stand out in the landscape. In unfavorable sites and conditions, you may notice curling leaves on bird of paradise. There are several reasons for leaf curl on bird of paradise. Here are a few to help you narrow down why bird of paradise leaves curl.

Why Do Bird of Paradise Leaves Curl?

The natural form of bird of paradise is as a 5 to 30 foot (1.5-9 m.) tall tree. There are several varieties but each one has huge paddle shaped leaves that start out as curled tubes from the main body. The leaves unfurl as they mature, but even older foliage will bear some curve at the edges. Bird of paradise is a tropical plant with 18-inch (46 cm.) long leaves on average, that grow out of a main crown in a clump. A little bit of leaf curl on bird of paradise is normal, but occasionally there will be more pronounced curvature and possibly other damage signs.

Cultural Causes of Leaves Curling on Bird of Paradise Plant

The bird of paradise is suitable for USDA plant hardiness zones 10 and 11. It is not reliably hardy in zone 9, but you can grow it in a pot in cooler zones in summer, as long as you move it indoors before cold temperatures arrive. The leaves are thin at the edges and tend to tatter in high winds or with repeated bruising. Any number of things can cause leaf curl on bird of paradise in improper conditions.

• New plants need plenty of water at establishment or their newer leaves will curl in protest.
• Chilly temperatures tend to make the leaves curl inward as protection.
• Poor soil and improper soil pH will also present as curling leaves on bird of paradise.

Leaves Curling Up on Bird of Paradise Due to Pests and Disease

Several pests have been known to attack bird of paradise plants. Malformed leaves and curling foliage are caused by sucking insects such as scale and mites. A form of thrip, Chaetanaphothrips signipennis, is commonly found on bird of paradise plants and also causes the leaves to curl. Some fungal diseases are common to the bird of paradise; but while they do cause foliar deformation, they do not commonly cause leaves curling up on bird of paradise. More common reasons are environmental.

Curling Leaves on Bird of Paradise Indoors

Containerized bird of paradise plants should be repotted every few years or when they become pot bound. New soil is important in container plants to help provide nutrients. It is also important to give the plant enough root space. If the plant is root bound, it impedes its ability to uptake moisture and nutrients which can cause curling leaves on bird of paradise. Situating the plant near a drafty window will affect leaf health as will allowing the container to dry out for too long. Leaves may also curl after a transplant, but they will usually rally in a few days after the transplant shock wears off.

Native to South Africa, the bird of paradise flower, also known as the crane flower, is a tropical plant that bears bird-like and very vivid flowers at the top of very sturdy stalks. These plants have been known to grow more than 5 feet (1.5 m.). Birds of paradise are easy to grow and do not often bring many problems as they are very resilient plants; however, they do require a warm and humid climate. If this plant is being grown in a cold climate, it can be stored in a container and brought indoors for the duration of the winter. They may also need to be deadheaded.

What Does Deadheading Bird of Paradise Flowers Mean?

Deadheading bird of paradise flowers simply refers to removing bird of paradise blooms that are dead. These dead blooms are often referred to as spent blooms and are dead, wilting blooms that are generally brown in color. This encourages new and bigger blooms, not to mention the fact that this process keeps the plant visually appealing.

How to Deadhead Bird of Paradise Flowers

If you are going to grow bird of paradise flowers, then you must know how to deadhead them. Start with the basics and make sure you have a solid pair of gardening gloves and a sharp pair of pruning shears ready to go. The stalks can be as wide as 6 inches (15 cm.), so you'll need a good grip. You will want to cut the spent bloom, which lacks the typical orange and blue colors, at the flower's base. You also want to cut the stalk to which the bloom was attached so long as there is not another flower already developing on that very same stalk. Get as close as possible to the base when cutting the stalk. Don't forget to make sure to remove stems, leaves, and other dead foliage.

Why Should I Deadhead Bird of Paradise Flowers?

According to the University of Hawaii, failure to properly deadhead bird of paradise flowers can result in a shrub that is completely covered in dead organic matter. Fungal infections and disease are also common when the bloom and its leaves and its stalk are not cut back. Further, if you do not take the time to deadhead bird of paradise flowers, you are directly harming the aesthetics of the plant. After all, who wants to see a dead, brown bloom when they can see a brightly colored flower full of life and energy?

Bird of paradise is a unique and brightly colored plant that is native to South Africa. The beautiful flower resembles a colorful bird in flight, hence the name. This interesting plant grows to a height and width of 5 feet (1.5 m.) and prefers day temperatures of 70 degrees F. (21 C.) and night temperatures of 55 degrees F. (13 C). Many people leave their plant outside in the warmer months but bring them indoors when temperatures start to drop. To keep these plants thriving or simply start plants of your own, you can learn how to propagate birds of paradise. Propagating bird of paradise is a common practice that does not require any special skills or tools and may be helpful should the fear of winter survival be imminent.

How to Propagate Birds of Paradise

Bird of paradise propagation is not difficult and is most easily achieved by plant division. Propagating bird of paradise cuttings should take place in early spring by severing a piece of rhizome with a sharp, clean knife. Sprinkle some rooting hormone on the open cuts. Each division should have a fan with attached roots. Put each division in a small, clean pot with high-quality planting medium. Although the temptation is to water the new division, it is best to let the cuts heal for a few days without water. Begin a regular watering schedule after this time. Provide a high quality, general plant fertilizer the following spring.

How to Grow Bird of Paradise from Seed

It is also possible to grow this lovely tropical plant from seed. Learning how to grow bird of paradise from seed isn't difficult but may require some patience. It is imperative that bird of paradise seeds are dry and fresh for best results. Plant seeds as soon after harvest as possible. Soak the seeds in water that is room temperature for three days to aid in germination. Change the water daily. Alternatively, you can scrape the outside coat of the seed with a file to break the seed coat. Seeds should be planted 1 inch (2.5 cm.) deep in moistened, high-quality potting mix. Locate newly planted seeds somewhere hot, at least 85 degrees F. (29 C.), with indirect light. Cover the pot with plastic to retain humidity and keep the soil moist. The germination of bird of paradise seeds is slow, so be patient. It can take anywhere from one month to a year to see a sprout. It can also take the new plant up to ten years to flower. Timing is dependent on soil temperature and freshness. Although a little patience may be necessary, bird of paradise propagation is a great way to grow additional plants, whether to add to your existing plants or to ensure their survival year after year in colder regions.

The growing and care of Mexican bird of paradise plant (Caesalpinia mexicana) isn't difficult, however, this plant is commonly confused with the other species in this genus. Although they all basically share the same growing requirements, it's still important that you are aware of the subtle differences between the plants so you can get the most from your gardening experience.

Distinguishing Red Bird of Paradise from Mexican Bird of Paradise Tree

Known as Mexican bird of paradise (along with many other common names), the red bird of paradise (C. pulcherrima) is oftentimes confused with the actual Mexican bird of paradise tree (C. mexicana). While both species are considered shrubs or small trees and both are evergreen in frost-free regions and deciduous in others, they are two different plants. 

Unlike the red bird of paradise, the Mexican variety has bright yellow flowers with long red stamens. The red bird of paradise has showy red blooms and fern-like foliage. There is also a yellow variety (C. gilliesii), of which is similar looking to C. pulcherrima, only a different color. All species generally bloom in summer or year-round in tropical climates.

How to Grow Mexican Bird of Paradise

Growing Mexican bird of paradise (along with other species) is easy when given suitable conditions. This plant makes a fine specimen planting or you can grow it as a shrub in a mixed border. It can also be grown in a container, which works especially well in colder regions. 

When growing Mexican bird of paradise, you should keep in mind its overall size, which can reach up to 15 feet (4.5 m.) tall with a similar spread. This plant is considered drought tolerant, thriving in well-draining soil and plenty of sun. While it can take some shade, its blooms will not be as profuse in these areas. 

Until it becomes well established in the landscape, you'll need to keep the plant watered weekly and it may require fertilization while in bloom. Once established, Mexican bird of paradise requires little care, other than the occasional pruning to keep it manageable and neat.

This is often performed in winter (when it dies down naturally) and is usually pruned a third back or to the ground. Those grown in pots can be overwintered indoors and cut back as needed.

Bird of paradise is a popular houseplant, or garden addition in warmer climates, producing beautiful flowers reminiscent of flying birds, but what do you do when there are no flowers on bird of paradise plants? How to make bird of paradise flower can be tricky unless the proper growing conditions are met.

Why Bird of Paradise Is Not Blooming

One of the most common reasons bird of paradise blooms fail to flower is insufficient light. These plants require at least four to six hours of full sun (or bright light indoors) in order to bloom sufficiently. They should also be kept evenly moist throughout summer but need to dry out between watering. It's also helpful to fertilize these plants during their active growth at least every couple of weeks with a general purpose water-soluble fertilizer. 

Another factor to look for when there are no flowers on bird of paradise is the planting condition. Container grown plants will bloom more profusely if kept slightly pot bound. Repotting too often can inhibit the flowering of bird of paradise blooms for up to two years. 

Instead, you should simply top dress the plant with fresh potting soil in spring. They also require shallow planting in well-draining soil. In fact, roots near the top of the soil may actually help to encourage blooming.

How to Help Bird of Paradise Bloom

The best way to encourage blooming in bird of paradise plants is to simply provide adequate growing conditions. If you recently divided or repotted your bird of paradise, this is most likely the reason for non-flowering. 

If it's planted too deeply, it may need to be replanted or repotted but this will also delay future flowering. If you pruned or deadheaded your bird of paradise, this will generally not affect its continued growth or next season's flowering unless it was a severe pruning, which may put off blooming somewhat. If it's not getting enough light, move the plant elsewhere. 

Finally, make sure it is receiving adequate water and fertilizer throughout the growing season. Now that you know some tips on how to make bird of paradise flower, you will be able to enjoy the bird of paradise blooms on your plant at home.

Perhaps your bird of paradise has become too crowded or you simply want to create additional plants for the garden or as gifts for friends. Knowing how to divide a bird of paradise would most likely come in handy if you're not familiar with this. If your plant is growing in a container, it is an essential part of proper bird of paradise plant care to keep it from getting too root bound, though they like to be somewhat so. Let's look at dividing bird of paradise plants.

About Splitting Bird of Paradise

First of all, it's important to note that bird of paradise generally blooms best from large clumps or when slightly pot bound. For this reason, dividing is seldom necessary. However, these plants can be repotted or divided as needed in spring, but keep in mind that flowering will be put off or reduced. How do you know when this is necessary? Potted plants that have become too large may have roots protruding from the container or cracking it. Garden plants may simply spread away from their intended boundaries. This can be remedied with spade pruning -- driving a spade shovel into the ground around the plant to sever the runaway rhizomes.

How to Divide a Bird of Paradise

The easiest way to propagate bird of paradise is through division. Dividing bird of paradise plants is best accomplished on mature plants that have been previously blooming for at least three years. You can create new plants by removing young suckers from the plant or by digging up old clumps and separating the underground rhizomes with a sharp knife. Prior to new growth in spring, lift the plant from the ground or pot and cut the rhizome into sections, making sure each section contains a fan with roots.

Transplanting Bird of Paradise Divisions

Replant the divisions in similar locations and at the same depth as the previous plant it was taken from and water thoroughly. Likewise, you can plant them in individual pots with well-draining soil and water well. Keep these in a warm area with bright, indirect light for about eight weeks or until the roots become well established. At this time, they may be moved to a sunnier location. It will take about two to three years for flowering to occur in new divisions.

Pruning is one of the most important maintenance tasks for the landscape, but every plant has a different time and method. Need to know how to prune a bird of paradise? Bird of paradise can be cleaned up and trimmed at any point, but serious pruning should wait until early spring. 

The goals of bird of paradise pruning are to remove old plant matter, thin the leaves, and take out damaged stems. Bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae) is one of those plants that you don't forget. It's not just their sheer size and impressive foliage but the plant's namesake blooms. 

Near life-sized crane's heads in bright, exotic plumage are the focal point of this extraordinary tropical plant. The flowers will last 2 to 3 weeks before dropping petals and dying. This is the first opportunity for pruning birds of paradise, but not the last.

How to Trim a Bird of Paradise

To my mind, trimming is different than pruning, and thinning is another thing altogether. Trimming is when you remove just a bit of the plant where it is damaged, dead, or diseased. You can trim a bird of paradise at any point since you are only removing a small amount of plant matter, so damage potential is minimal. Any time you cut into a plant you should have sharp implements, safety garb, and sanitized equipment to prevent introducing and spreading disease. 

Removing just damaged material to where it connects to the main body of the plant is how to trim a bird of paradise cleanly. This leaves no dead stems to mar the beauty of the plant. Retain any leaves with more than 50% live tissue.

How to Prune a Bird of Paradise

Bird of paradise pruning is a more serious affair. This is done for the same reasons as trimming, but the goals are more intensive and combined. You may wish to reduce the size of an older plant or remove leaves and stems that bar a pathway or window. 

This involves harder pruning and should be attacked in early spring. Use loppers, hand pruners or a pruning saw, but never hedge trimmers which will make rough cuts and leave ragged, damaged edges. 

Take all leaves and stems back to just above the ground. Remove dead flowers to the base of the plant and clean up any old vegetation that has dropped in or around the plant.

Pruning Birds of Paradise to Thin Overgrown Plants

Thinning is another way of cleaning up a bird of paradise. It allows air and light into the center of older plants, increasing flowering and reducing fungal disease. It is a crucial part of rejuvenating a neglected plant. 

Apply the trimming and pruning techniques and assess the effect. If the center of the plant is still too crowded, use long handled pruners and remove selected stems and leaves. Remove new growth at the base of the plant. 

You can divide it with a shovel and saw for replanting elsewhere. Never remove more than one third of plant material per season and follow up with good cultural care.

Pruning Other Types of Birds of Paradise

There are also desert-thriving bird of paradise plants found in another genus – red bird of paradise (Caesaepinia pulcherrima), yellow bird of paradise (C. gilliesii), and the Mexican bird of paradise (C. mexicana).

• Red – Late winter to early spring (after threat of frost has ceased) is the best time to prune this type. Cut it back 6-12 inches (15-30 cm.) above the ground. It may need another trimming in midsummer, depending on its growth.
• Yellow – This should be done in late winter/early spring as well, but sparingly. Cut away any old blooms. If necessary, the branches can be cut back to half their length.
• Mexican – Again, like the others, pruning takes place in late winter or early spring. This one is similar to the yellow in that it is done sparingly. Cut away dry flower blooms and stalks at the bottom of the plant.

If you like a tropical flair to your living space, you’ll love the idea of bird of paradise as a houseplant. These leafy beauties grow taller than you are and may even flower indoors if your house gets enough sunlight. To grow an indoor bird of paradise, you must provide the plant many of the same conditions found in its native habitat, including warmth, sunlight and humidity. Read on for tips on bird of paradise houseplant care.

Strelitzia Houseplant Info

Bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae) is a popular ornamental plant in California and Florida thanks to its huge banana-tree leaves and spectacular flowers. The brilliant orange and blue blossoms resemble exotic birds and are very dramatic. This is even the official flower of Los Angeles. But despite its popularity in this country, these plants are actually native to South Africa. They thrive in the coastal brush of the eastern Cape where the climate is mild and wet. If you are hoping for to bring a bird of paradise inside as a Strelitzia houseplant, you’ll need to provide similar growing conditions.

Bird of Paradise Houseplant Care

There’s nothing more exotic than an indoor bird of paradise, but growing a bird of paradise as a houseplant requires sun, quite a lot of it, in order to thrive and bloom. Insufficient sunlight is the top reason that a bird of paradise inside doesn’t bloom. Place your plant in a site that gets at least six hours a day of sun a day, including hours of direct sunlight. However, if your living room gets very hot midday sun, indirect light during that period will do better. If your climate or house layout doesn’t provide this much sun, consider supplementing with artificial light. You can move your houseplant outside in summer to profit from even more light. Acclimate it to the stronger light by making this switch gradually. Just bring it in before the weather chills to freezing. When you opt for a bird of paradise as a houseplant, you need to think about humidity, irrigation and feeding. These plants are evergreen, yet they still go through a period of dormancy in winter. Bird of paradise houseplant care varies between the growing season and the dormant season. During the spring and summer growing season, water your indoor bird of paradise plant enough to keep the soil consistently moist. Spraying with mist is appreciated in the warm months. Fertilize a bird of paradise indoors with a half-strength water-soluble fertilizer every two weeks during the growing period. In the dormant period, water less, about once a month, allowing the top 2 inches (5 cm.) to dry out completely between waterings. Do not fertilize at all but spray occasionally to keep the leaves humid. Overall, bird of paradise plants make wonderful and lovely additions to your home. With a little TLC and a lot of sunlight, your bird of paradise will be giving you gorgeous flower for years to come.

One of the most spectacular and impactful flowering plants for tropical to semi-tropical zones is Strelitzia bird of paradise. Also known as crane flowers, the plants are prized for their unique blooms, which often resemble the bird itself. Where conditions are ideal, gardeners can expect these plants to reach impressive heights and add dramatic appeal to green spaces.

The growing conditions for bird of paradise, particularly the temperature range, are very specific. However, northern gardeners don’t despair. The plants can easily be grown in containers and kept as houseplants. If you want bird of paradise flowers, continue reading for tips on growing these unique beauties.

Quick Facts about Bird of Paradise

• Botanical name - Strelitzia reginae
• Height - 5 feet (1.5 m) in containers, up to 30 feet (9 m) outdoors
• Spread - 4 feet (1.2 m)
• Sun exposure - Full sun
• Soil requirements - Rich loam
• Hardiness zones - USDA Zone 10-12
• When to plant - Spring, early summer

Growing Conditions for Bird of Paradise

Strelitzia reginae, also known as crane flower, is native to South Africa and derives its name from the unusual flower stalks, which resemble brightly colored birds in flight.

Temperature

Bird of paradise plants do not do well in the cold, though they are able to tolerate brief periods of temperatures as low as 24 F (-4.5 C). They grow best in gardens where the weather is consistently warm, in USDA zones 10-12.

During the growing season, optimal temperatures are 65 to 70 F (18-21 C) during the day and 50 F (10 C) at night. The plants can be heavily damaged when temperatures dip below 24 F (-4 C).

For this reason, bird of paradise is commonly used as a landscape plant throughout many frost-free regions of the United States.

Light

Bird of paradise needs plenty of sunlight to produce its characteristic blooms. It blooms most profusely when in full sun, but indoor plants should be slightly away from the direct sunlight of southern windows to avoid burning. Also, plants grown outdoors in desert climates should be planted in a partial shade situation.

Soil

Bird of paradise plants prefer rich soil, and growers should make certain that soils are weed-free, and have been amended well before planting. Good drainage will be essential, as waterlogged or otherwise poor garden beds are often the cause of yellowing or complete loss of plants. Those growing bird of paradise flowers in containers will need to prepare pots with a good quality potting mix.

Water

Bird of paradise likes moist soil, but will not tolerate being waterlogged. Water frequently, but allow the soil to dry completely between each watering. Though supplemental irrigation is not usually required, it may be necessary during periods of extreme heat or prolonged drought. If growing in a container, never allow water to stand in the saucer under the pot.

Fertilizer

To keep the plants looking their best, bird of paradise flowers may benefit from the routine application of a balanced fertilizer throughout periods of active growth.

Problems

Gardeners seldom report issues with disease or insects when growing bird of paradise flowers. Still, growers should remain vigilant of any sign that the plant may be stressed, and take special note of any sudden change in the plant’s appearance.

Bird of paradise pests like mealybugs, scale, and spider mites can sometimes pose a problem. Use a horticultural oil spray or systemic insecticide. Wipe or hose off the leaves to remove dust.

The most common bird of paradise diseases are fungus based. Water under the leaves or when the foliage can dry before nightfall. Avoid overwatering, which can cause several root rots.

Note: Dogs also enjoy nibbling on these plants, but the seeds are toxic, causing abdominal pain and vomiting, so beware of this if you have pets.

Propagation

Bird of paradise can be propagated from seed. However, blooming will not begin for at least five years. Divide in-ground plants every five years.

Pruning

Remove any broken or dead leaves as they occur. Remove spent flowers as they appear.

How to Plant a Bird of Paradise

Though it is possible to grow bird of paradise from seed, it will require both patience and skill. It is for this reason that most are purchased at local garden centers or nurseries. To transplant bird of paradise flower, its entire root ball should be removed from its pot. Each planting hole should be approximately twice as wide as the plant’s root mass. Growers may find success by leaving a small portion of roots exposed near the crown of the plant. This practice is believed to help promote flowering.

After garden soil has been carefully backfilled into the hole, new plantings will appreciate a long soaking. Bird of paradise plants in containers should also be watered well, making certain to check moisture levels frequently.

Several growing seasons may be required before bird of paradise plants finally begin to bloom. Fortunately, all parts of the plants are considered to be quite ornamental. This includes their massive palm-like foliage, which closely resembles that of banana trees. Established plants will grow to form large clumps. These clumps will spread within the garden, producing more plants. Though the plants are able to spread, they are not usually considered to be invasive, and can be controlled with relative ease.

Bird of Paradise in Containers

If you live in USDA zone 9 or colder, you will want to grow your bird of paradise in a container, so you can bring it inside for the winter months.

Plant in a good potting soil that drains well. Water until the soil is saturated and then not again until it is dry to the touch. Reduce watering by half in winter.

Bird of paradise flowers need a lot of food to develop. Feed the plant in early spring every two weeks and once per month in summer with a soluble plant food.

Do not plant bird of paradise too deeply in the pot. It is said that some root exposure promotes flowers. Also, a pot bound plant will produce more blooms. When it is time to repot, about every three years in spring, only increase the pot size if the roots are extremely cramped.

Put container plants outside in summer but bring them indoors when fall arrives.

With a little care, even cool region gardeners can enjoy the eye-popping blooms and tropical foliage of this plant.