While lots of us are familiar with pollen and its role in the garden, people often overlook the significance of nectar. The term “nectar” is used to describe the carbohydrate-rich, sugary fluid secreted by plants. As it is highly attractive, the substance is used as a means to lure pollinators.
Though some species do not produce nectar of their own, others may do so in abundance. This occurs with the help of specialized glands called “nectaries.” But, what is a nectary? Below, we’ll explore this unique structure in greater depth, in hopes of better understanding its unique role.
Functions of Nectaries in Flowers
As the name would imply, plant nectaries are responsible for the production of nectar in plants. Combinations of simple sugars will vary by type, with the specific profile of the nectar differing across species. The nectary in a flower aids primarily in attracting pollinators and, ultimately, assisting in seed production and propagation. This makes the structures invaluable to the survival of species which require efficient pollination by insects. But, where is the nectary in a flower?
Where You’ll Find a Nectary
Finding the nectary of a flower can be difficult, and will vary from one species to the next. However, most are located inside the flower, at the base of each bloom. As insects forage to reach the nectar, pollen is spread throughout the flower. This helps to encourage thorough pollination by birds and insects when contact with the pistil (the plant’s female reproductive organ) occurs, within either the same flower or those that are visited nearby.
What is an Extrafloral Nectary?
Not all nectaries can be found within the flower. Other structures, or “extrafloral nectaries,” are used by several species of plant. These types are able to produce nectar on their stems, leaves, and various other parts. Though nectaries of this sort are not used to encourage pollination, they do serve other purposes. Experts suggest that extrafloral nectaries may protect plants from damage caused by browsing wildlife and even help to prevent disease and/or the occurrence of parasites.
How Nectaries Benefit Plants and Wildlife
While there’s little doubt that plants benefit from the production of nectar, so too, does wildlife. An abundant resource within the ecosystem, nectar serves as an invaluable source of food and energy to garden visitors. Amino acids, vitamins, and other components present within the liquid aids native wildlife through summer and late-season migrations. The selection of nectar-rich plants further helps to diversify backyard spaces and enhance their overall appeal to local populations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do All Flowers Have Nectaries?
Though many species of plants are able to produce nectar, some do not. Such is the case of those that do not have nectary glands. A lack of nectaries is most common in plants that do not rely on pollination by birds or insects. Those fertilized primarily by wind, water, and other means are often among the best examples.
Are Nectaries Male or Female?
Nectaries are neither male nor female. However, the glands can occur in male and female flowers, as well as those that contain both male and female parts.
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